Which instrument is used for extracting lower molars with multi-root structure?

• A. Lower Anterior Forceps
• B. Lower Molar Forceps
• C. Lower Root Forceps
• D. Lower Cowhorn Forceps

Answer: (D)

The feature being tested is matching the instrument to the tooth’s anatomy, specifically how many roots a tooth has and how those roots are positioned. For a lower molar with multiple roots, you need an instrument that can grip around more than one root and provide secure traction to remove the tooth as a whole. Lower cowhorn forceps have two horn-like beaks that snugly encircle the roots of a multi-rooted mandibular molar, allowing you to engage both roots at once and apply balanced forces to lift the tooth out of its socket. This design helps minimize root fracture and complications that can occur if you try to remove a multi-rooted tooth with instruments meant for single-root teeth. Other forceps are designed for single-root teeth or different purposes (such as removing roots or crowns) and don’t provide the appropriate multi-root engagement, so they aren’t as effective for extracting lower molars with multi-root structure.