Which instrument is used to spread gutta-percha by applying lateral pressure within the canal?

• A. Apex locator
• B. Rotary paste-filler
• C. Root canal pluggers/spreaders
• D. Finger spreader

Answer: (D)

Lateral condensation is about dense filling by pushing gutta-percha outward against the canal walls to adapt it to irregularities. The instrument that accomplishes this by applying lateral pressure is the spreader, and the finger spreader is specifically designed to be used with finger pressure for controlled lateral movement. By inserting the spreader between the master cone and canal wall and moving it slightly laterally, space is created for additional cones and the gutta-percha is compacted against the walls, producing a snug, well-adapted fill. The apex locator measures working length, not for spreading gutta-percha. A rotary paste-filler delivers paste obturation rather than performing lateral condensation. While pluggers/spreaders is a broader category, using the finger spreader for lateral pressure is the method that achieves the lateral condensation effect most effectively.